<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Otero, V.a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinto, J.V.b</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carlyle, L.a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vilarigues, M.c</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cotte, M.d e</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Melo, M.J.a</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nineteenth century chrome yellow and chrome deep from Winsor &amp;amp; NewtonTM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Studies in Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemical compositions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chromates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chrome yellow</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Citrus fruits</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Degradation process</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drying oils</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FTIR</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lead</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lead chromate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Micro spectroscopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Process Variation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reconstruction (structural)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Repair</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Synchrotron radiation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Synchrotrons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Synthetic pathways</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tungsten</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">X ray absorption spectroscopy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84978539212&amp;doi=10.1080%2f00393630.2015.1131478&amp;partnerID=40&amp;md5=def3595385b4dcea18e2b60a1698a914</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taylor and Francis Ltd.</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-27</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Winsor &amp;amp; NewtonTM (W&amp;amp;N) nineteenth century archive database includes digitised images of hand-written instructions and workshop notes for the manufacture of their artists’ materials. For the first time, all 183 production records for yellow lead chromate pigments were studied and evaluated. They revealed that W&amp;amp;N produced essentially three pigment types: lemon/pale based on mixed crystals of lead chromate and lead sulphate [Pb(Cr,S)O4]; middle on pure monoclinic lead chromate [PbCrO4]; and deep that contains the latter admixed with basic lead chromate [Pb2CrO5]; accounting for 53, 22, and 21% of the production, respectively. Production records for primrose (4%) were also included since the formulation results in mixed crystals with a high percentage of lead sulphate, which, according to the literature, leaves it more prone to degradation. Each pigment type is characterised by only one or two main synthetic pathways; process variations reveal a systematic and thorough search for a high-quality durable product. A comparison of the chemical composition of pigment reconstructions with early W&amp;amp;N oil paint tubes showed that their records entitled ‘pale’ and ‘lemon’ correlated with the pigment in their tube labelled chrome yellow and, ‘middle’ and ‘deep’ with the label chrome deep. Lemon and middle pigment formulations were made into oil paints to assess their relative photo-stability. The degradation process was followed by colorimetry and was studied by synchrotron radiation-based techniques. Based on the X-ray absorption spectroscopy data, the possibility for creating a stability index for chrome yellows is discussed. © The International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works 2016</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cited By 1; Article in Press</style></notes></record></records></xml>