<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coutinho, M.L.a b c</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Veiga, J.P.d</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alves, L.C.e</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mirão, J.f</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dias, L.f</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lima, A.M.b c</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muralha, V.S.c</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Macedo, M.F.b c</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Characterization of the glaze and in-glaze pigments of the nineteenth-century relief tiles from the Pena National Palace, Sintra, Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analytical approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buildings</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ceramic pigment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemical compositions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cobalt</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cobalt compounds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Complex mixture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Different proportions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glazes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iron oxides</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manganese</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manganese oxide</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manufacture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manufacturing techniques</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Micro-structural characterization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mixtures</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxides</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pigments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Production techniques</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tin</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84976285883&amp;doi=10.1007%2fs00339-016-0214-5&amp;partnerID=40&amp;md5=79e426beb08fa88b4f8c9cae9db8b9ee</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></number><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer Verlag</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">122</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The glaze and in-glaze pigments of the historical nineteenth-century glazed tiles from the Pena National Palace (Sintra, Portugal) were characterized using a multi-analytical approach. Chemical composition and microstructural characterization were ascertained by µ-PIXE, µ-Raman, optical microscopy and VP-SEM–EDS. The manufacturing technique and colour palette in these tiles were found to be close to the ceramic pigments used in traditional majolica. The blue and purple colours derive from cobalt oxide and manganese oxide, respectively. A mixture of Pb–Sn–Sb yellow with cobalt oxide and iron oxide was used for green and dark yellow, respectively, while grey tonalities consist of a complex mixture of cobalt oxide, manganese oxide and Pb–Sn–Sb yellow in different proportions. Results obtained allowed the determination of the oxides and elements used in pigments as well as production techniques, resorting to traditional majolica manufacture, although the tiles were produced by the end of the nineteenth century. © 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cited By 0</style></notes></record></records></xml>